Absinthe's reformation

- General Comments.

Moderators: Voice Dax, Voice Aeneas

Absinthe's reformation

Postby Jezebel » Tue Apr 29, 2008 2:09 pm

A recent study states the real reason for Absinthe's notorious history.

Is Absinthe still banned in the US?

http://news.yahoo.com/s/livescience/20080429/sc_livescience/absinthesmindalteringmysterysolved
Jezebel
Spider Lady
 
Posts: 1223
Joined: Mon Sep 30, 2002 10:00 pm
Location: Reno, NV

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Spaceman Spiff » Tue Apr 29, 2008 3:04 pm

steel banned from saling here, but can be imported for kunsompution.
*Spaceman SPIFF*
User avatar
Spaceman Spiff
Stablehand
 
Posts: 46
Joined: Sun Mar 02, 2008 11:05 am

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Gerien » Tue Apr 29, 2008 3:26 pm

BMJ 1999;319:1590-1592 ( 18 December )
Editorials
Absinthe: what's your poison?

Though absinthe is intriguing, it is alcohol in general we should worry about

Absinthe, the emerald green liqueur associated with excess, is back in business. Having been banned in many countries in the early 20th century, its newly fashionable image, combined with global purchasing opportunities through the internet, has brought its revival. Since 1998 several varieties of absinthe have again been available in Britain---from bars, stores, and mail order. But is absinthe a special problem or simply part of a general concern about excessive alcohol consumption?

Originally formulated in Switzerland, absinthe became most popular in 19th century France. Between 1875 and 1913 French consumption of the liquor increased 15-fold.1 It became an icon of "la vie de bohème," and in fin-de-siècle Paris l'heure verte (the green [cocktail] hour) was a daily event. Although never as popular in Britain, the fashion of mixed drinks with a "spot" or "kick" of absinthe was reported in London as late as 1930.2

Many creative artists had their lives touched by absinthe (Toulouse-Lautrec, Oscar Wilde, Picasso).3 The illness of Vincent van Gogh was certainly exacerbated by excessive drinking of absinthe,4 and one of his six major crises was precipitated by drinking.3 Van Gogh probably had acute intermittent porphyria---a working hypothesis5 compatible with the documented porphyrogenicity of the terpenoids in absinthe as well as ethanol.6 His case illustrates the importance of lifestyle, underlying illness, and the individual response.

Toulouse-Lautrec mixed his absinthe with brandy, but the traditional method was to take about 30 ml of the bitter liqueur in a special glass and to add about five volumes of cold water, trickled over a sugar cube on a slotted spoon. As the alcohol concentration drops, the terpenoids come out of solution to form a yellow opalescence. This louche effect is retained in modern absinthe substitutes (pastis, such as Pernod and Ricard), which are rich in anise but contain no thujone. The alcohol concentration of diluted absinthe was thus not greater than that of other spirit based drinks.

Pointing the finger at thujone

Absinthe was classically manufactured from dried wormwood (Artemisia absinthium), anise, and fennel, which were steeped overnight in 85% (by volume) ethanol. The next day water was added, the concoction boiled, and the distillate (alcohol plus steam distilled terpenoids) collected. The process was completed by a further extraction of dried Roman wormwood (A pontica), hyssop, and lemon balm and then filtration to yield a clear, green liqueur of 74% alcohol. The plant products in absinthe varied among manufacturers, the only universal components being alcohol and wormwood essence.

Convulsions resembling epilepsy were observed in humans and induced in animals with toxic doses of absinthe.7 The essential oils were first implicated, then specifically wormwood, and finally one chemical, thujone. Quantitatively speaking this is justified, though thujyl alcohol (wormwood), as well as pinocamphone (hyssop) and fenchone (fennel), can precipitate convulsions if used in large enough amounts.3 The thujone content of old absinthe was about 0.26 g/l (260 ppm)8 and 350 ppm when the thujyl alcohol from the wormwoods is included.3 Currently available versions of absinthe boast of thujone inclusion---in one case at 8-9 ppm (still within the European Commission upper limit of 10 ppm9).

The acute toxic effects of thujone include epileptiform convulsions.4 Cases of poisoning with wormwood still occur, mostly out of misplaced loyalty to folk remedies or sheer ignorance.10 Thujone is a porphyrogenic terpenoid: it increases 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase activity and induces porphyrin production in chicken embryonic liver cells.6 The livers of 19th century absinthe drinkers could easily have experienced concentrations of thujone of 20-200 µmol/l,6 which might have presented a problem for drinkers born with a compromised heme pathway.

From the late 1850s onwards absinthe aroused medical interest and became the subject of animal experiments with either the liqueur or oil of wormwood. 7 11 A distinct condition---absinthism---stood alongside the emerging descriptions of alcoholism.12 Absinthism was associated with gastrointestinal problems, acute auditory and visual hallucinations, epilepsy, brain damage, and increased risk of psychiatric illness and suicide.12 French scientific warnings eventually reached the popular presses but were countered by denials from a government interested in taxes and an industry enjoying profits. Meanwhile, consumers from all walks of life strove to convince themselves that the risks were at least commensurate with the pleasures of absinthe's appearance, fragrance, taste, amusing ritual, and mistaken reputation as an aphrodisiac.

Between 1905 and 1913 Belgium, Switzerland, the United States, and Italy banned absinthe. The French government made absinthe less available after 1915.1 It was never formally banned in Spain, Portugal, the Czech Republic, or the United Kingdom, but the overall effect of substantial international action in the first two decades of this century was to achieve something close to global prohibition.

Wider harms from alcohol

As with other early descriptions of alcohol related conditions such as "rum fits," there is a grave danger of demonising a particular drink and thereby missing the wider importance of alcohol related harm. Although alcoholic liver disease (maladie de foie) was initially emphasised, the damaging effects of ethanol on all tissues in the body have been increasingly recognised over the past 50 years,13 and organ damage by ethanol is now established as a relatively long term affair. A poor diet exacerbates the effects of ethanol in certain tissues, especially the nervous system, but the view in the 1940s that such damage was due exclusively to associated malnutrition, rather than to ethanol and its metabolites, is incorrect.

As our knowledge of multiple organ damage, neurotoxicity, and diverse psychiatric sequelae of excessive alcohol use has increased, the possibility emerges that much of the syndrome of absinthism was actually acute alcohol intoxication, withdrawal, dependence, and other neuropsychiatric complications---major health and social problems, but not unique to absinthe. On the other hand, the differences between ethanol and ethanol plus thujone in the time course for onset of symptoms in experimental animals have always been challenging. As yet we know little about the characteristics or consumption patterns of the new absinthe drinkers, and the long term effects of thujone and other terpenoids remain unclear. Until data from properly conducted studies are available, one can only resort to limp warnings of the potential risks from the low levels of thujone in contemporary absinthe-like products. So next time someone offers you a drink and says "What's your poison?" think carefully before you answer.

John Strang, professor of the addictions.

National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London SE5 8AF

Wilfred N Arnold, professor of biochemistry and molecular biology.

University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-7421, USA

Timothy Peters, professor of clinical biochemistry.

King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ


1. Schmidt H. L'absinthe---l'aliénation mentale et la criminalité. (Rapport fait au nom de commission d'hygiène publique de la chambre des députés.) Annales d'Hygiène Publique et de Médicine Légale 1915; 23(4th series): 121-133.
2. Brasher CWJ. Absinthe and absinthe drinking in England. Lancet 1930; i: 944-946.
3. Arnold WN. Vincent van Gogh: chemicals, crises, and creativity. Boston: Birkhäuser, 1992.
4. Arnold WN. Vincent van Gogh and the thujone connection. JAMA 1988; 260: 3042-3044[Abstract].
5. Loftus LS, Arnold WN. Vincent van Gogh's illness: acute intermittent porphyria? BMJ 1991; 303: 1589-1591.
6. Bonkovsky HL, Cable EE, Cable JW, Donohue SE, White EC, Greene YJ, et al. Porphyrogenic properties of the terpenes camphor, pinene, and thujone (with a note on historic implications for absinthe and the illness of Vincent van Gogh). Biochem Pharmacol 1992; 43: 2359-2368[Medline].
7. Magnan V. Epilepsie alcoolique; action spéciale de l'absinthe: épilepsie absinthique. Comptus Rendu des Seances et Memoires de la Société de Biologie (Paris) 1869; 5(4th series): 156-161.
8. Duplais P. Traité des liqueurs et de la distillation des alcools ou le liquoriste et le distillateur moderns. Versailles: Chez l'Auteur, 1855.
9. European Commission. Natural flavouring substances, their sources, and added artificial flavouring substances. Strasbourg: Maisonneuve, 1973.
10. Weisbord SD, Soule JB, Kimmel PL. Poison on line: acute renal failure caused by oil of wormwood purchased through the internet. N Engl J Med 1997; 337: 825-827[Free Full Text].
11. Marcé L. Sur l'action toxique de l'essence d'absinthe. Comptes rendus herbdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences (Paris) 1864; 58: 628-629.
12. Amory R. Experiments and observations on absinthe and absinthism. Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 1868; 7: 8:68-71, 83-5.
13. Preedy VR, Reilly ME, Patel VB, Richardson PJ, Peters TJ. Protein metabolism in alcoholism: effects on specific tissues and the whole body. Nutrition 1999; 15: 604-608[Medline].

© BMJ 1999
This article has been cited by other articles:

* Lachenmeier, D. W, Nathan-Maister, D. (2008). Absinthe and tobacco--a new look at an old problem? (comment on: Absinthe--is its history relevant for current public health?). Int J Epidemiol 37: 217-218 [Full text]
* Huisman, M., Brug, J., Mackenbach, J. (2007). Absinthe is its history relevant for current public health?. Int J Epidemiol 36: 738-744 [Abstract] [Full text]
* Hold, K. M., Sirisoma, N. S., Ikeda, T., Narahashi, T., Casida, J. E. (2000). alpha -Thujone (the active component of absinthe): gamma -Aminobutyric acid type A receptor modulation and metabolic detoxification. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 3826-3831 [Abstract] [Full text]
Grunt wrote:Its a Bird
Its a plane
Its Super Librarian

Read about our journey to open The Dog House hot dog restaurant
User avatar
Gerien
Threadjacker
 
Posts: 4776
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: http://thedoghousehotdogs.blogspot.com

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Kyhera » Tue Apr 29, 2008 3:44 pm

Gerien,

I love it when you post informative stuff. Well except when it is to contradict cool stuff :P
Moi
Insert something clever here
MTS/OAFS
User avatar
Kyhera
Peasant
 
Posts: 762
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Somewhere in the pieces of your dream shattered world

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Torkano » Tue Apr 29, 2008 7:09 pm

Gerien, I hate when you post unusually long shit and I realize that fact a little too late.
Sartorious lives on forever in my heart and memories!
<Thantos> so there's 5 we have to break tonite
<Sexxay-Dux> well whichuns are the biggewst
<Art_is_Sexy> can we break them with fucking?
User avatar
Torkano
Don't mess with da Elf
 
Posts: 8698
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: The little guy on your shoulder

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Sturm » Tue Apr 29, 2008 7:55 pm

To the wonderful study...(hic).. of Absinthe. :beer:
~Bo,Sart~ RiP~
It is a brave act of valor to condemn death, but where life is more terrible than death, it is then the truest valor to dare to live."
~Amo ut invenio~Fidei Defensor Vexillarius~
User avatar
Sturm
Armchair Warrior
 
Posts: 6832
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Look up, see that funny colored star...Smile please!!

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby bigSparky » Tue Apr 29, 2008 8:18 pm

Sturm, for once you are spot on. Straight to the root of it. :clap: Bravo!
Do NOT mistake my SARCASM for BITTERNESS and ANGER
Getting Old Ain't For Sissies
Don't forget to visit MPoGD.com and vote for 'Canon' daily
User avatar
bigSparky
Journeyman
 
Posts: 2266
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Bethany,Oklahoma,USA

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Gerien » Tue Apr 29, 2008 11:35 pm

Torkano wrote:Gerien, I hate when you post unusually long shit and I realize that fact a little too late.

duh...

And yeah, Sturm did what I did in a LOT fewer words...

[edit]I'm becoming the librarian version of Isildur!![/edit]
Grunt wrote:Its a Bird
Its a plane
Its Super Librarian

Read about our journey to open The Dog House hot dog restaurant
User avatar
Gerien
Threadjacker
 
Posts: 4776
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: http://thedoghousehotdogs.blogspot.com

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Losmar » Tue Apr 29, 2008 11:39 pm

Torkano wrote:Gerien, I hate when you post unusually long shit and I realize that fact a little too late.



Gerien wrote:
Jezebel wrote:I'm all in favor for bringing back the apprentice system.


here fucking here



Mind you, I like the input... but damn...

I wonder how it'll go over with the younger age-groups and all... I know anybody who wants pretty much anything can get it already.
Savage Hordesman
Bad Renegade Mercenary from a Confederate Republic
"Your people are threatening to rebel over your warmongering."
Almost a Survivor...
User avatar
Losmar
Necromancer
 
Posts: 3758
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: tecumseh, MI

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Torkano » Wed Apr 30, 2008 5:44 am

Gerien wrote:
[edit]I'm becoming the librarian version of Isildur!![/edit]


Yes you are, but I still love you in that non-gay sort of way or in that gay sort of way. Take your pick. Yes, I already know which one you'll pick. :cry:
Sartorious lives on forever in my heart and memories!
<Thantos> so there's 5 we have to break tonite
<Sexxay-Dux> well whichuns are the biggewst
<Art_is_Sexy> can we break them with fucking?
User avatar
Torkano
Don't mess with da Elf
 
Posts: 8698
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: The little guy on your shoulder

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Gerien » Wed Apr 30, 2008 1:40 pm

NON GAY! NON GAY!!!! :shock:
Grunt wrote:Its a Bird
Its a plane
Its Super Librarian

Read about our journey to open The Dog House hot dog restaurant
User avatar
Gerien
Threadjacker
 
Posts: 4776
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: http://thedoghousehotdogs.blogspot.com

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Torkano » Wed Apr 30, 2008 2:51 pm

Gerien wrote:NON GAY! NON GAY!!!! :shock:


I knew it! :cry:
Sartorious lives on forever in my heart and memories!
<Thantos> so there's 5 we have to break tonite
<Sexxay-Dux> well whichuns are the biggewst
<Art_is_Sexy> can we break them with fucking?
User avatar
Torkano
Don't mess with da Elf
 
Posts: 8698
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: The little guy on your shoulder

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Atla » Wed Apr 30, 2008 4:46 pm

I vote we limit post length to 300 characters or less.

Than we'd all type like Venus though....
~Atla!
Before God I swear this creed. My rifle and myself are the defenders of my country. We are the masters of our enemy. We are the saviors of my life. So be it, until victory is America's and there is no enemy, but Peace! -MajGen Rupertus, USMC.
User avatar
Atla
Urban Cowboy w/Guns
 
Posts: 4400
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Out back, playing with Tonka Trucks.

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Gerien » Wed Apr 30, 2008 6:15 pm

Atla wrote:I vote we limit post length to 300 characters or less.

Than we'd all type like Venus though....

I refuse to descend to such an embarrassing level of grammar and punctuation usage.
Grunt wrote:Its a Bird
Its a plane
Its Super Librarian

Read about our journey to open The Dog House hot dog restaurant
User avatar
Gerien
Threadjacker
 
Posts: 4776
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: http://thedoghousehotdogs.blogspot.com

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Atla » Wed Apr 30, 2008 8:06 pm

Mwhahaha. Suffer Mr. Fancy Dictionary man!
~Atla!
Before God I swear this creed. My rifle and myself are the defenders of my country. We are the masters of our enemy. We are the saviors of my life. So be it, until victory is America's and there is no enemy, but Peace! -MajGen Rupertus, USMC.
User avatar
Atla
Urban Cowboy w/Guns
 
Posts: 4400
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Out back, playing with Tonka Trucks.

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Venus » Wed Apr 30, 2008 8:30 pm

i think demmy should make it so that gerien's posts cant use punctuation or capital letters for awhile

::P
Venus
Fervent
User avatar
Venus
Soul of Barnabas
 
Posts: 8918
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: im right here!

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby bigSparky » Wed Apr 30, 2008 9:15 pm

Venus,we don't really want Gerien to implode...Do we?
Do NOT mistake my SARCASM for BITTERNESS and ANGER
Getting Old Ain't For Sissies
Don't forget to visit MPoGD.com and vote for 'Canon' daily
User avatar
bigSparky
Journeyman
 
Posts: 2266
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Bethany,Oklahoma,USA

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Venus » Wed Apr 30, 2008 9:22 pm

well...it sounded like fun when i posted it!

i guess not
/sigh

u take away all my fun!
Venus
Fervent
User avatar
Venus
Soul of Barnabas
 
Posts: 8918
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: im right here!

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby bigSparky » Wed Apr 30, 2008 10:31 pm

Well now I feel bad. I'm such a party pooper :banghead:
Do NOT mistake my SARCASM for BITTERNESS and ANGER
Getting Old Ain't For Sissies
Don't forget to visit MPoGD.com and vote for 'Canon' daily
User avatar
bigSparky
Journeyman
 
Posts: 2266
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: Bethany,Oklahoma,USA

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Torkano » Wed Apr 30, 2008 10:58 pm

Venus wrote:i think demmy should make it so that gerien's posts cant use punctuation or capital letters for awhile

::P


What was it awhile back that when we typed a certain word it said another? I'm not talking about typing Decae either.
Sartorious lives on forever in my heart and memories!
<Thantos> so there's 5 we have to break tonite
<Sexxay-Dux> well whichuns are the biggewst
<Art_is_Sexy> can we break them with fucking?
User avatar
Torkano
Don't mess with da Elf
 
Posts: 8698
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: The little guy on your shoulder

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Venus » Wed Apr 30, 2008 11:08 pm

your probalby talking about when he took shayanna's Nay's away

wasnt that the word he took from her?:>
Venus
Fervent
User avatar
Venus
Soul of Barnabas
 
Posts: 8918
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: im right here!

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Torkano » Wed Apr 30, 2008 11:09 pm

Venus wrote:your probalby talking about when he took shayanna's Nay's away

wasnt that the word he took from her?:>


I don't remember. That's why I'm asking you. :-p
Sartorious lives on forever in my heart and memories!
<Thantos> so there's 5 we have to break tonite
<Sexxay-Dux> well whichuns are the biggewst
<Art_is_Sexy> can we break them with fucking?
User avatar
Torkano
Don't mess with da Elf
 
Posts: 8698
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: The little guy on your shoulder

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Gerien » Thu May 01, 2008 12:52 am

ive no idea dont think i wuz round durin tha tim of there posting

[edit]ow ow ow[/edit]
Grunt wrote:Its a Bird
Its a plane
Its Super Librarian

Read about our journey to open The Dog House hot dog restaurant
User avatar
Gerien
Threadjacker
 
Posts: 4776
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: http://thedoghousehotdogs.blogspot.com

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Venus » Thu May 01, 2008 1:17 am

lmao even i dont type that bad!!

and lol tork, i cant remember anything. u know this!
Venus
Fervent
User avatar
Venus
Soul of Barnabas
 
Posts: 8918
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm
Location: im right here!

Re: Absinthe's reformation

Postby Maverick » Thu May 01, 2008 9:59 am

Nae you bitches, Nae.

And I have a bottle of absinthe in my refrigerator, its from Czech Republic or something I dont know. When some girl was in Europe she brought it back or something.

I know great story.
I saw my advantage and I took it,
Thats what heroes do.
I <3 Venus. Join the Club!
User avatar
Maverick
Knight
 
Posts: 5428
Joined: Wed Sep 25, 2002 5:00 pm

Next

Return to Comments

Who is online

Users browsing this forum: Bing [Bot]